{"id":4844,"date":"2025-11-07T10:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T01:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ohtavn.com\/?post_type=media&p=4844"},"modified":"2025-11-21T13:07:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T04:07:38","slug":"differentiation-between-local-and-global-procurement","status":"publish","type":"media","link":"https:\/\/ohtavn.com\/vi\/media\/differentiation-between-local-and-global-procurement\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa mua s\u1eafm n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 mua s\u1eafm to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mua h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u201370% chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cung \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng, m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho, d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n logistics tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi\u201d, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mua h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ctrung t\u00e2m chi ph\u00ed\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean mua h\u00e0ng, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cb\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o n\u00ean mua t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o n\u00ean nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n:
\u2460 Mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (Local Procurement) \u2013 mua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf t\u1ea1i;
\u2461 Mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Procurement) \u2013 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t khung \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Qua \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh m\u1ee5c mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t (resilience)<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (sustainability)<\/strong> song song. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a trong kh\u1ed1i ASEAN \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a TCO<\/h4>\n
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  • Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e0u m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t t\u1ea1i k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o Suez hay c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9\u2013Trung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c “China + 1”<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a TCO (T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu)<\/strong>: Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n<\/em>, chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u kho<\/em>, chi ph\u00ed do l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 carbon<\/em>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi CBAM (C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi carbon) c\u1ee7a EU v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Ph\u1ea1m vi 3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO\u2082<\/em> \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Digital v\u00e0 IoT<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ERP \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng “s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao nhi\u00eau”, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho TCO v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed. Khi so s\u00e1nh TCO bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/em>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecf ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed trong trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang ASEAN<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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    • L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi FTA<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 15 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 do (FTA) c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m RCEP, CPTPP v\u00e0 EVFTA. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf trong khu v\u1ef1c ASEAN v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u1ee5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ec7t may, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
    • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/strong>: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong GDP l\u00ean 30% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO\/IATF 16949 c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      G\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang ASEAN, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 FTA<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a M\u00e3 HS<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea3i quan ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mua h\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung chi ph\u00ed thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 CO\u2082 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quay l\u1ea1i.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: Th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t \u2013 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/h4>\n

      S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng “ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tinh g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n”.
      \n<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c km, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn trung b\u00ecnh 3-5 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng quay h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ASEAN v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn & T\u1ed3n kho th\u1ea5p<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Just-in-Time<\/em>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n (cash flow)<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>: V\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu m\u00e3, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
      • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p<\/strong>: Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/3\u20131\/5 so v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1edd kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
      • \u01afu \u0111\u00e3i FTA<\/strong>: Khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng quy t\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 trong EVFTA, RCEP\u2026, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed carbon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tip h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/strong>: Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty chia s\u1ebb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng xoay t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n song song.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u2013 quy m\u00f4 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/h4>\n

        B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch, mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro sau:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao.<\/li>\n
        • Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong>: V\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/li>\n
        • Quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn<\/strong>: Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp, bu\u1ed9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
        • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p<\/strong>: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 37%, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mua t\u1eeb doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 15%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m:
          \n– Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n audit nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PPAP (Production Part Approval Process \u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)
          \n– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (multi-sourcing) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng
          \n– Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

          Case Study: T\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kinh doanh (Business Matching) t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          T\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam), t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, UBND t\u1ec9nh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i TP.HCM (JCCH) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n business matching<\/em> d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.
          \n– S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e1ng 11\/2024 quy t\u1ee5 42 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i, xi m\u1ea1\u2026
          \n– Ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn doanh nghi\u1ec7p tham gia, ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng nghe nhu c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

          K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:
          \n– Kho\u1ea3ng 80% doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt tham d\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng giao d\u1ecbch.
          \n– Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u1edbi 2\u20133 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.
          \n– T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 37% l\u00ean h\u01a1n 40%.<\/p>\n

          Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u01a1 quan METI Kansai v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i”,<\/strong>\u00a0t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

          N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

          \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h4>\n

          Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u201cl\u1ee3i th\u1ebf theo quy m\u00f4\u201d<\/strong> (economies of scale) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 10\u201330% gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh linh ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>. C\u00e1c \u201cmega-supplier\u201d t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Mexico\u2026 s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 24\/7, cho ph\u00e9p cung \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1<\/strong>: Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea5u hao c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
          • \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/strong>: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng SPC (Statistical Process Control \u2013 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c OEM to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n. “BCP li\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c thi\u00ean tai.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 EV, 5G, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\u2026 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1eb9o<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb s\u1edbm gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong kinh nghi\u1ec7m (experience curve)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

            Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: R\u1ee7i ro logistics \u2013 t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h4>\n
              \n
            • Th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 Chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cao<\/strong>: V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 30-45 ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa do thi\u1ebfu container v\u00e0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ea3ng. Chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt 8-10 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
            • R\u1ee7i ro bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1<\/strong>: V\u00ec c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n CPI l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
            • R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: Do xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 – Trung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ebf quan b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i qua c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\/ khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
            • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe<\/strong>: Do vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi CBAM c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Ph\u1ea1m vi 3, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong>: T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng \u0111a khu v\u1ef1c (ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng k\u00e9p\/ba), xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i Incoterms, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp CO\u2082.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

              Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChina + 1\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h4>\n

              Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 trung t\u00e2m cung \u1ee9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng (b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 5\u20137% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) c\u00f9ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChina + 1\u201d<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro sang qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh cho AirPods c\u1ee7a Apple v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Pixel c\u1ee7a Google \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 EMS Foxconn v\u00e0 Luxshare \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/strong>: N\u0103m 2024, Toyota \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p d\u00e2y n\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p 1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c b\u1eafc trung b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Ukraine.<\/li>\n
              • May m\u1eb7c & Gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p<\/strong>: Nike, Lululemon t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00eam 5\u20138 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1eadm giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong>: FDI v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2024 t\u0103ng 42% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 25 t\u1ef7 USD, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.
                \n*** H\u00e0m \u00fd chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 xem Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1eb9 th\u1ee9 hai\u201d<\/strong>:
                \n– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m & s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam
                \n– Khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh: ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n sang c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn
                \nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cchuy\u1ec3n giao ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c\u201d (relay model) n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed, lead time v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Khung l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mua h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

                Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 4 tr\u1ee5c: Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 Th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng \u2013 R\u1ee7i ro<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                  \n
                1. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: Ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m chi ph\u00ed (\u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, thu\u1ebf quan), ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn), giao h\u00e0ng (th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5) v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro (ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, thi\u00ean tai, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb) tr\u00ean thang \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 1-5.<\/li>\n
                2. \u0110\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1<\/strong>: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean giao h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
                3. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/strong>: X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a (\u0110i\u1ec3m \u00d7 Tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1).<\/li>\n
                4. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 10% ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng 20% chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mua h\u00e0ng \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                  Ma tr\u1eadn “V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00d7 Ph\u1ea1m vi mua h\u00e0ng”<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mua h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\/ L\u00f4 nh\u1ecf<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Jig, chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u1ed1c v\u00edt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n\u00a0Linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/td>\nLinh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\nLinh ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy gi\u1ea3m\/ EOL<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\nLinh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kh\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ma tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y khi chuy\u1ec3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cmua c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u2013 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u2013 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u\u201d<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                  Ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi IoT v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • Th\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Control Tower):<\/strong>\u00a0K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ERP cloud \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin: c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, t\u1ed3n kho, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/li>\n
                  • Song sinh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (Digital Twin)<\/strong>: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nhu c\u1ea7u \u2013 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Chia s\u1ebb ngay k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 khoanh v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1edbm c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    M\u1eb9o<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ckh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf \u2013 small start\u201d s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, cloud v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh (Excel) gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ROI v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi c\u1ea7n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                    [H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf] L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thu\u1ebf quan t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n

                    L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu, PPAP)<\/h4>\n

                    Khi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc: “\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u2192 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu \u2192 PPAP (Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) \u2192 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p)<\/strong>\n