{"id":4959,"date":"2026-01-09T10:00:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T01:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ohtavn.com\/?post_type=media&p=4959"},"modified":"2026-01-07T19:05:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:05:24","slug":"recyclable-screw-materials-that-contribute-to-a-circular-economy","status":"publish","type":"media","link":"https:\/\/ohtavn.com\/vi\/media\/recyclable-screw-materials-that-contribute-to-a-circular-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0c v\u00edt t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c carbon trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (circular economy) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n. \u1ed0c v\u00edt (bul\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, v\u00edt nh\u1ecf) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00edt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u201d t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u201ct\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u1ed1c v\u00edt\u201d, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, thu h\u1ed3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch mua h\u00e0ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng). D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a OHTA VIETNAM, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf theo t\u1eebng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, titan, nh\u1ef1a) v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
  • Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i (tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb\/d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y) v\u00e0 5S t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn: ISO 3506, EN 10204 3.1, ISO 14021\/14044.<\/li>\n
  • Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m CO2 trong mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p V\u00edt c\u1ee7a GIS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u do v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ghi ch\u00e9p trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 BOM.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ed5ng quan (M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u1ed0c v\u00edt tuy c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00edt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

    \u2460 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u2461 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

    \u2462 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/strong> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    \u2463 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, b\u00e0n giao)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i “hi\u1ec3u trong 30 gi\u00e2y” (\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ghi r\u00f5 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: A2-70, SUS304, C3604, A5052) v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 BOM.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ri\u00eang theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (S\u1eaft \/ Inox \/ \u0110\u1ed3ng thau \/ Nh\u00f4m \/ H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p) c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
    3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y (ECS) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    4. Ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u00e0n giao b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 QR c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh theo t\u1eebng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      • S\u1eaft\/Th\u00e9p carbon<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang (EAF). L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u00f4m<\/strong>: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u1ea5p, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m CO\u2082 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ECS.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (Inox A2\/A4, v.v.)<\/strong>: C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 3506 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed3ng thau (H\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, v\u00e0 phoi ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu l\u1eabn s\u1eaft, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng, v.v.)<\/strong>: L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ee5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 keo d\u00e1n th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        M\u1eb9o t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: Ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u1ee5n v\u00edt, ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u1ed1c v\u00edt, ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111ai \u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u bul\u00f4ng<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 mua th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o th\u00f3i quen ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft, inox, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Reuse)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u1ed0c V\u00edt d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng (an to\u00e0n, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quay, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u) v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft<\/strong> nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb l\u00fan, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kho\u00e9t l\u1ed7, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, m\u00f3p m\u00e9o, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/strong> tr\u00ean ren; l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n quay b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> \u1edf m\u1ee9c 50-70% m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed).<\/li>\n
        • L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.\n
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          \n

          N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean thay m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft (Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u1ed0c V\u00edt s\u1eaft\/th\u00e9p carbon (M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, nhu\u1ed9m \u0111en, v.v.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>
          \nD\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 do c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. L\u00f2 EAF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao.<\/p>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf:<\/strong>
          \nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 niken, d\u1ea7u c\u1eaft, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3a ren c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu h\u1ed3i. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

          Ghi ch\u00fa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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          • Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
          • Ghi r\u00f5 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n bao b\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

            V\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (Inox A2\/A4, v.v.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>
            \nK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u + c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1n theo ISO 3506 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: A2-70, A4-80) v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1c gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong>
            \nGia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng sai n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u00e3n, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            Ghi ch\u00fa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, v.v., cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m).<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf, ghi r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ISO tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n t\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

               <\/p>\n

              V\u00edt nh\u00f4m<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>
              \nNh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m CO\u2082.<\/p>\n

              M\u1eb9o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: <\/strong>
              \nPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao b\u1eb1ng ECS. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n phoi ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

              Ghi ch\u00fa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tr\u00e1nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c (ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t).<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ren trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n si\u1ebft (c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cong v\u00eanh khi ph\u1ea7n ren trong l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                V\u00edt \u0111\u1ed3ng thau (H\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>
                \nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00edt s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\n

                M\u1eb9o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<\/strong>
                \nVi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi s\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Thu h\u1ed3i phoi ti\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

                Ghi ch\u00fa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n